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Abstract@#National Occupational Standards specify standards of performance that people are expected to achieve in their work, and the knowledge and skills they need to perform effectively. The National occupational standards for supporting teaching and learning in schools were developed to help improve the capacity and capability of the school workforce; they can make an important contribution to raising standards in schools.</br> National Occupational Standards describe best practice by bringing together skills, knowledge and values. They are valuable tools as benchmarks for qualifications as well as for defining roles at work, staff recruitment, supervision and appraisal.</br> Globally the roles and scope of work for technicians and pharmacy support workforce cadres vary greatly according to country and practice areas within that country. The School of Pharmacy MNUMS and Mongolian Association of Clinical Pharmacist and Association of Pharmaceutical Management has developed 4 phases National Occupational Standards.
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Tea is a product which contains of natural antioxidants for relaxation, prevention and healing effects, biofl avonoids, isofl avonoids, organic acids, glycoside and other substances. In order to use this valuable natural commodity economically with keeping the ecologicalbalance and provide quality and safety, nowadays, fi ltered tea bags become popularfor producing. The international standards forinfusion substance portion, antioxidants content, and quality and safety specifi cations for this type of tea are the important measures for preventing of fake products. The sustainable quality study is one of the main parameters, indicating the drug quality, safety and effects. The validity and storageconditions of the drug and its active agents are determined by the study.Aim: To determine the validity /expirationperiod/ of liver protection effect “Tunamal” tea by studying the parameters of its sustainable qualityObjective: To defi ne the expiration time by analyzing annually the moisture, ash, infusion substance, essential oil, appearanceof dry substances, ascorbic acid, content ofthe fl avonoids, mixture of heavy metals and microbiological parametersMaterials and methodologyCommodity of the study, which are the creeping thyme and rosehips fruits, were collected from the territory of Erdene county of Central province and Eruu county of Selenge province respectively; and dried in accordance with the standards. The moisture, ash, infusion substance, essential oil, appearance of dry substance, ascorbic acid, content of all fl avonoids wereanalyzed by methods set by Mongolian national pharmacopoeia, radioactive contamination and presence of heavy metals – by atomic absorption spectrometric method, afl atoxin B1 and pesticide residues – by thin-layer chromatography respectively,; and microbial contamination was analyses in the Steward geological laboratory in the culture medium as well as in the drug inspection laboratory of the State professional inspection authority.
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Background: The main principles of pharmacotherapy are to provide pharmaceutical care with right medicine, right doses, in right time. If the treatment plan can be evidence based, it will improve treatment efficacy andsafety, can prevent from drug related adverse event and reduce the health care costs. Assessing the drug related problems in elderly patients is a main health care and safety issue for the health care system. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of major cause of mortality and one of the main diseases of morbidity in Mongolia and in the Worldwide.Objective: Aim of this study was to conduct aretrospective study on inappropriate prescribingpattern among elderly patients with Ischemic heart disease who were treated in tertiary level hospitals ofUlaanbaatar.Methods: Total of 438 patient’s records who were treated with diagnosis of IHD during the 2011 –2012, was collected randomly from main three state hospitals of Ulaanbaatar. A retrospective analysis of inappropriate drug prescription was used Beers criteria (2012).Variables of study were patient’s diagnosis, age, sex,names, doses and route of medications.Results: The mean age of the participants was67.38±0.24 and 54.6% of participants were male and 44.4% were female. The trends of rational use of drug and number of drug and drug cost per patients were different in each tertiary level hospitals of Ulaanbaatar. In I state hospital, number and cost of drug per patients werehigher than second and third state hospitals. The result were shown that in all three hospitals, more than 50 percent of total drugs per patients were injection, less than 50 percent of total used drug per patients were from standard therapeutic guideline. The most common inappropriately used drugs were as follows: amiodarone (16% at the I state hospital; 10% at the II state hospital; 3% at the III state hospital),dipyridamole (51% at the I state hospital; 3% at the II state hospital), amitriptyline (29% at the I state hospital; 20% at the III state hospital), nifedipine (33% at the II state hospital).The use of that are inappropriate with certain medicalconditions were common in case of IHD patients with peptic ulcer comorbidity. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug + acetyl salicylic acid combination were used in 3% of patients at the I state hospital, in 4% of patients at the II state hospital and 1% of patients at the III state hospital.Conclusion: Among the medications used for elderly patients with IHD, 15 medications were listed in potentially inappropriate medication in elderly (Beers criteria) independent of diagnosis. In I and II state hospitals, usage of potentially inappropriate medication were greater than III state hospital.Key words: inappropriate drug, Beers criteria,ischemic heart disease, treatment guideline